Reverse osmosis

Depletion of fresh groundwater sources as the result of overdraft, salinization and pollution becomes a major problem in parts of the world. Desalination of brackish groundwater by membrane technology, e.g. reverse osmosis (RO), seems to be a promising solution to water scarcity problems. However, e

This study proposes an optimal study of reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination system based on the split partial second pass (SPSP) design in order to fully utilize better quality and higher flux for the permeate at the front of the pressure vessel (PV). Differential equations in the membrane tra

Small RO based desalination plants driven by solar power are attractive options, especially in areas with unreliable grid power supply. Batteries or other energy storage devices can be used to buffer against the inherent variability in solar power. However, the capital and maintenance cost of batter

• We review recent progress in the computational study of graphene as an RO membrane. • We introduce graphene and current knowledge about its mass transport properties. • We examine six key mechanisms that govern salt rejection in graphene. • Molecular dynamics have played a dominant role in the stu

Reverse osmosis (RO) has been proved to be an effective technology in the treatment of low level radioactive wastewaters (LLRWs) in nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, particular attention must be paid to any possible negative influence of excessive boron on the performance of membrane units. In th

Brackish water desalination is a common method for fresh water supply in arid areas. Concentrated brine is the major waste stream generated from the desalination process. The current study proposes a multi-stage Nanofiltration (NF)–Forward Osmosis (FO)–Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) system to

In this paper, authors breakdown the specific energy consumption for seawater and brackish water desalination in an attempt to quantify the value of high permeability membranes on specific energy consumption for desalination. The trends from the analysis presented in this paper show that in both seawa

The growth in population and in the standard of living in the developing countries coupled with inefficient use of water and pollution of available water resources have driven desalination to be a major source of fresh water for both domestic and industrial purposes. The potential environmental impac

With continuing growth in the reverse osmosis water treatment industry and the finite lifespan of the membranes, the number of membrane modules requiring disposal is expected to drastically increase over time. This study aimed to provide a quantitative assessment of the environmental impact from memb

Commercially available thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane (GE AG) and asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane (GE CE) have been characterized using different concentrations of ammonium sulfate, up to 40 g·l−1, in order to determine their suitability for the concentration of ammonium as ammoni