Pretreatment

In China, many water supplies depend on conventional water treatment. Due to unfit soil and water conservation in some regions of China, conventional water treatment has showed some defects for the poor quality of water resource. In addition, advances in membrane technology and increasing requiremen

A seawater desalination plant with an average daily drinking water production of 1.000 m3/d is planned by imb+frings watersystems and Synlift for an island in the Arabian Gulf. The plant is supplied by a stand alone 750 kW wind energy plant as on grid. The water treatment plant with open intake is p

There is a stringent need for the control of toxic metals produced during various production processes and released into the aqueous environment in order to avoid damage relevant to soil or groundwater contamination. Among the available treatment technologies, sorption has been considered of particu

In this paper, performance of different pretreatment systems used in the seawater reverse osmosis desalination process is presented. The different pretreatment techniques analyzed included conventional media-filtration technique and non-conventional membrane filtration techniques. For the membrane f

Tajura seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with a capacity of 10,000 m3/d is the biggest RO plant in Libya. The plant is designed to produce high quality drinking and industrial water. The plant consists of a seawater intake, pretreatment, two stages of reverse osmosis membranes in two lines

Since the early 1980s, microfiltration and ultrafiltration have been widely used for drinking water applications. More recently, membranes have started to be used in membrane bioreactors or on secondary wastewater effluents for reuse application. Until recently, in desalination treatment plants seaw

Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently one of the most prevalent methods used for seawater desalination. During the past four decades, the research and development has reduced the energy consumption from about 20 to 4 kWh/m3, while improvements in membrane science has led to a 20-fold increase in the spe

Increasing water shortage in Egypt approaches an alarming level. Treatment and reuse of secondary water sources (comprising brackish water and wastewater) is of current national and international concern. The Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) allocates considerable fundin

Agricultural drainage water (ADW) may be considered as a strategic reserve to cope with the ever-increasing demand for fresh water. Numerous technological solutions must be examined to enable safe reuse of the ADW. Three technological sets must be addressed simultaneously. The first set is related t

Destabilization-flocculation is often used as a pretreatment before ultrafiltration of drinking water and secondary wastewater effluent. The fouling of ultrafiltration membranes by colloidal iron hydroxide-oxide has been studied by measuring the pore streaming potential of a series polysulfone type