Nanofiltration

T reatment of sewage plant effluent by simple nanofiitration seems to be limited by organic fouling and only possible with extensive chemical cleaning. ............................................................................................................................ I ........... and outlo

Intensive water-demanding industries require an effective management of water sources and wastes in order to implement as much recovery as possible with the quality standards of the production activity. Besides the application of good environmental practices pursued by the IPPC Directive, an optimal

Textile effluents usually contain high concentrations of inorganics as well as organics, and are therefore difficult to treat. Membrane processes can be used for many of these wastewaters in the textile industry. Two typical examples are discussed: (1) the use of nanofiltration for the treatment of

The production of demineralised water from drinking water by nanofiltration/membrane distillation system (NF/MD) has been investigated. The precipitation of CaCO3 on the membrane surface and a rapid flux decline was observed when tap water was used directly as a feed. The problem of scaling was elim

The wastewaters generated by the cuttlefish processing contain a high organic (COD of 20,000–35,000 mg.L−1) and inorganic (TDS of 30–40 g.L−1) load. These seafood effluents were subjected to treatment with cellulose acetate (CA) membranes synthesised according to the phase inversion process. Two pre

A combination of adsorption and nanofiltration (NF) was adopted for the treatment of a textile dyehouse effluent containing a mixture of two reactive dyes. The effluent stream was first treated in a batch adsorption process with sawdust as an adsorbent to reduce the dye concentration of the effluent

The present study compares the fouling properties of two selected and well-characterized hydrophobic (denoted HPOA) and hydrophilic (denoted TPIA) natural organic matters (NOM) fractions with a commercial polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membrane (denoted NF-55). Analytical tools such as elemental

In dairy plants the process waters generated during the starting, equilibrating, interrupting and rinsing steps contribute to the production of effluents. They correspond to milk products (milk, whey, cream) diluted with water without chemicals. The treatment of these dairy process waters by nanofil

Fouling layer formation in membrane processes and the role of bacteria in it were investigated using rRNA-targeted fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides. In a laboratory-scale flat-channel test unit, nano- and ultrafiltration of an oligotrophic reservoir water were performed. The bacterial composi

Three commercial membranes (NF70, NF90 and TFC-SR) were firstly characterized in terms of pure water flux and the: rejection of uncharged (alcohols and sugars) compounds. Subsequently, the rejection of monovalent (sodium and chloride) and divalent (calcium and sulphate) ions in single (NaC1, CaC12an