Nanofiltration

Cotton dyeing using reactive dyes generates warm wastewater strongly colored, containing suspended solids,concentrated NaCl and widely varying acid amounts. Dyeing one kilogram of cotton with reactive dyes requires from70 to 150 L water, 0.6 kg NaCl and 40 g reactive dye. We have worked out a proces

Eleven aromatic pesticides were used for a removal study using a 4040 spiral-wound polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The influences of molecular weight, molecular size (length and width), flux, and recovery were studied. The molecular weights of these pesticides are from 198 Da to 286 Da. Mole

Thermally stable nanofiltration membranes were used to recover hot water from rinsing effluents from acid and reactive dyeing operations. Two types of flat-sheet membranes, MPF-34 (MWCO 200) and MPF-36 (MWCO 1000), were tested at 60°C and 10 bar. Experiments carried out with the made-up feeds contai

Pore-filled cation-exchange membranes containing poly(styrenesulfonic acid) gels have been prepared by a twostep procedure involving thermally initiated radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the pores of a microporous poly(ethylene) host followed by treatment with chlorosulfonic

2 2 Nanofiltration of saturated calcium sulfate solution of 0.02 mol/L calcium content, with CO3 !/SO4 ! molar ratio !3 !4 2 ranging from 0.0500 to 2.8×10 was carried out in 6.5×10 m active membrane area laboratory module at 1.2×106 Pa transmembrane pressure using the total retentate recycle mode. P

Several hybrid systems, which are developed now, namely NF-MSF, NF-RO-MSF, NF-RO-MD and others offer promising performance. An integrated system for complete usage of components in seawater is also being considered. In all the aforementioned systems NF as water pre-treatment method is applied and a

Controlling fouling of membrane filtration installations (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) is a major challenge for the water industry. Fouling affects the plant performance and increases the costs of plant operation. Diagnosis of the type(s) and extent of fouling is the essential first step for

In the food and beverage industries, spent process water streams containing very different levels of contamination are combined and routed to the mixing and equalizing tank where problems in biological wastewater treatment occur. It could be shown that the treatment of the partial streams for differ

Mechanism specificity of ion separations in drinking water is necessary for the study of modeling transfer of calcium salt through nanofiltration membrane. In the present work, we have investigated a mathematical model which can specify the transfer phenomena of solute through a nanofiltration membr

This study is focused on the influence of the nature of the water to be treated on the efficiency of nitrate elimination by a commercial membrane. By gradually increasing the complexity of the treated solutions (binary, ternary mixtures and then natural waters), we identified the physical, chemical